Maize production in ghana, is predominantly done under rainfed conditions by poorly resourced smallholder farmers. This reduces the supply of the other food crops and increases their prices. Climate change and crop production edited by dr matthew p. Advance estimates for total production in india stands at 9. Mar 20, 2014 maize can be processed into a variety of food and industrial products, including starch, sweeteners, oil, beverages, glue, industrial alcohol, and fuel ethanol. Reference made to any specific product, process, and service by trade name, trade mark.
Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vol. It is widely eaten in various forms and more than 900 million africans depend on maize every year because it is often cheaper than. Maize milling technologies food fortification initiative. It is important to monitor your maize crop frequently after germination for presence of the pest and or signsdamage symptoms. Bamire3, and adetunji olanrewaju1 october 2009 1 international institute of tropical agriculture iita, ibadan, nigeria, and corresponding author. Name of implementing pakanyi brain injury group organization contact. Commercial production of avidin from transgenic maize. Economic efficiency and constraints of maize production in the northern region of bangladesh.
If the number of production decisions made by women increases by oneunit, maize productivity can increase by 32 percent this is computed based on 100. Maize production and consumption in the case study countries. It possesses over 32,000 genes on ten chromosomes with a genome size of 2. However, there has been not much research on local understanding of the effect of climate variability on maize yields in arid and semi arid lands asals of lower eastern kenya counties.
In the last 10 years, the use of maize for fuel production significantly increased, accounting for approximately 40% of the maize production in the united states. Before maize production of uganda started to increase to reach a level of 2,800 tonnes in 2019, it went through a trough reaching a low of 286 tonnes in 1980. It contains information on topics such as hybrid selection, soil and water management, plant nutrition, integrated pest management, harvesting, and safety considerations in the production of corn. Simply put, a maize hybrid results from the fertilization of one maize plant by another genetically unrelated plant.
Despite achieving annual growth rates of more than 6 per cent in agriculture, crop yields remain low by international standards and rural. It is designed to senre as a basic reference document for participants in iitas maize training courses. See fuller discussion under local business environment heading. Maize production, economic analysis, peasant farmers.
The same values for income, group membership and assets indicators are 14, 15 and percent, respectively. Aflatoxin management for smallholder farmers of maize and. Relevant initial conditions for maize production in this section, we summarize the total production of cereal crops, the relative importance of maize as a food crop, the trends in maize production quantity, area harvested, and yield over the last 20 years, and gaps between actual and potential yields for the six countries. Introduction maize is a tropical grass that is well adapted to many climates and hence has wideranging maturities from 70 days to 210 days. It is also used to create a variety of food and nonfood products, such as corn meal, sweeteners, corn oil, starch and ethanol, which is used as a cleanerburning alternative to gasoline. Maize is grown in every continent except antarctica. This statistic shows the production of maize in indonesia from 2011 to 2015.
The area harvested to maize in ghana in 2009 was 954,400 ha fao statistical databases, 2011. Production of maize expanded until recent years, tanzania is a leading country for maize production in east africa. Nafziger encyclopedia of life support systems eolss most of the maize production in the usa is concentrated in the us corn belt, the largest area in the world where soils and climate are well suited to largescale maize pro. Production function analysis of the sensitivity of maize production to climate change in south africa by lwandle mqadi submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree msc agric agricultural economics in the department of agricultural economics, extension, and rural development faculty of natural and agricultural sciences. It is important to know whether the smallscale producers under this project have a greater overall productivity and technical efficiency of maize production, compared with farmers outside the project. The production and processing are two important activities in the maize value chain. However, little of this maize is consumed directly by humans. Area, yield and production of maize across the world in comparison with rice and wheat have been shown in figs.
Global maize production, utilization, and consumption ranum. I then examine the extent to which households are able to mitigate the impact of a negative rainfall. The study on maize outlines the outlook for maize, which is the second most important cereal crop after rice in south east asia. The maize plant possesses a simple stem of nodes and internodes.
The portuguese firstly introduced maize production in tanzania on pemba island in the 16th century, by 17th century maize production spread to other parts of tanzania including the tanzania mainland. North america grows over 43% of the worlds maize crop, with 90% of the us total grown in the corn belt consisting of 12 midwestern and north central states. Land preparation use any method mechanical, chemical and manual that can adequately remove weeds and keep the soil loose for good seedbed. Maize production, productivity and profitability are crucial for. Agricultural production economics second edition is a revised edition of the textbook agricultural production economics publi shed by macmillan in 1986 isbn 0023280603. In 2019, maize production for uganda was 2,800 tonnes.
Maize production practices to increase yield need to be better understood, including the relation of grain yield and yield components. This document provides an overview of baseline biological information relevant to risk. The degree of dehulling will change the characteristics of the final maize. Maize farming and production business in africa is a highpotential opportunity for the continent. South african maize corn description 5 south africa is the main maize producer in the sacu, with an average production of approximately 10 to 12 million tons per annum over the past ten years. Although the format and coverage remains similar to the first edition, many small revisions and updates have been made. Sustainability of maize production in kenya stanley m. Introduction maize zea mays l is the most important and most widely distributed cereal in the world after wheat and rice. Global maize production, utilization, and consumption.
Pakanyi brain injury group 1 name of proposal maize farming project maize production. Growing maize in nigeria choice of land any well drained sandy loam or loamy soil can be used for planting maize but if in doubt, contact your nearest extension office or agroservice center. Wokabi kenya agricultural research institute, nairobi, kenya. Maize yield and irrigation applied in conservation and. However, maize surpasses both wheat and rice in terms of productivity. Maize is primarily used as feed for livestock, suggesting the dependence of the livestock industry on corn production. The experiment was conducted to assess the biological benefits of intercropping maize with fenugreek, field pea and haricot bean. Thus, from the very start of hybrid seed production, the identity.
Reynolds international maize and wheat improvement center cimmyt cabi is a trading name of cab international. Maize is cultivated on nearly 178 million ha globally in about 160 countries and contributes 50% 1,170 million mt to the global grain production. In india, maize constitutes 9% of the total volume of cereals produced and is the third most important food grain after rice 42% and wheat 38%. Comparison showed that wheat is cultivated on more area relative to. This dataset is nationally representative and includes detailed agricultural information collected at the plot and household level across nigeria. Biological benefits of intercropping maize zea mays l. Indias maize production is in between 1014 million tones, with 80 90% of the production being in the kharif season. United states agriculture world agricultural production.
The six major types of maize are dent corn, flint corn, pod corn, popcorn, flour corn, and sweet corn. No other crop utilises sunlight more effectively than maize, and its yield per ha is the highest of all grain crops. Projected maize production for the period 20092010 to 202014 59 figure 31. Maize yield and components as influenced by environment. Jul 08, 2019 this statistic shows the maize production in the asia pacific region in 2017, broken down by country. Is increasing inorganic fertilizer use for maize production. Name of implementing pakanyi brain injury group organization contact address co p. Manual planting is carried out using a digging stick or. Pdf determinants of maize production in uganda mutyaba. Expected consumption levels of the different consumption categories. Global maize production, utilization, and consumption peter ranum, 1 juan pablo penarosas. Another major cereal, maize, has overtaken these traditional cereals while wheat is widely cultivated in north africa and in sudan and ethiopia. Maize production system book indian institute of maize research. At the national level, hybrid and ordinary maize should be reported separately owing to widely different yields.
Maize can be processed into a variety of food and industrial products, including starch, sweeteners, oil, beverages, glue, industrial alcohol, and fuel ethanol. Planting progress for 2019 was behind the average national pace and some soybeans were planted late in early january due to drought in december for the northeast states 14 mmt production and drought in rio grande do sul mmt. Cultivation on marginal crop lands is, however, not recommended. Finally, the study concluded by advocating adequate market with good stable prices for maize farmers products that would enhance maize production in the study area and the country at large. Assessing the constraints affecting production and deployment of maize seed in dtma countries of west africa abdoulaye tahirou1, diakalia sanogo1, augustine langyintuo2, simeon a.
Climate variability and change has been the most important determinant of crop yields in kenya and other parts of the world. Using a data synthesis approach, this study aims to better characterize the effects of those covarying factors with drought and to provide. Hybrid maize seed production manual 2 from thinning and topping and dry maize stalks and other residues can also be fed to animals. Global synthesis of drought effects on maize and wheat production. Effects of climate variability on maize yield in the arid.
An onfarm experiment was conducted in the dry season of 201220under irrigation at jigna rural village of dera district, south gonder zoneethiopia. History of kenyan maize production, marketing and policies. Pdf maize zea mays, also called corn, is believed to have originated in central mexico 7000 years. Low production costs, along with the high consumption of maize flour and cornmeal. Matsuoka y, vigouroux y, goodman mm, sanchezg j, buckler e, doebley j. Chapteriv maize production and processing the objective of this chapter is to ascertain the production and processing methods of maize. An overview of maize processing chemical composition of maize.
Research on maize production systems has therefore. Successful maize production depends on the correct application of production inputs that will sustain the environment as well as agricultural production. Enso and implications on rainfall characteristics with. A single domestication for maize shown by multilocus microsatellite genotyping. This paper uses information extracted from the lsmsisa data for nigeria. Approximately 66% of the maize in pakistan has access to irrigation. A pair of large leaves extend off of each internode and the leaves total 821 per plant. This problem is a critical issue in eastern ethiopia, where maize is the main staple food, and in the ethiopian agricultural sector, as a whole.
This, in turn, results in farm acreage being diverted from other food crops to maize production. Maize, zea mays, is an annual grass in the family poaceae and is a staple food crop grown all over the world. With your download, get the 19 best papers relevant to this one, including 18 top related papers. Southern blot data revealed that four copies of the gene are present in this transformant. Early detection of the pest allows quick and timely response which will help minimise damages to your maize crop and reduce harvest losses. History of kenyan maize production, marketing and policies lilian kirimi. Maize yield trends and agricultural policy in east africa. Pdf global maize production, utilization, and consumption. Fall armyworm technical brief with reference to maize production in uganda. Use of maize for biofuel production increases the demand, and therefore price of maize. Regional workshop on an integrated policy approach to commercializing smallholder maize production. Technical efficiency and productivity of maize producers.
Opportunities and challenges in enhancing agriculture in. There is a need for locationspecific maize production technologies, especially for lowland winter maize, marginal upland maize production system, and resource poor farmers. Context and background on maize and its wild relatives. This will expose any faw pupae to the surface of the soil, where they will be killed by. Maize is a staple crop in zimbabwe and hence bears important implications for poverty alleviation and food security attainment. Our sincere thanks go to the follol7ing scientists ytho contributed chapters to the manual by alphabetical order. Fall armyworm technical brief with reference to maize. Maize production origin, maize global scenario maize production in kamataka maize production in the study area problems of maize production uti 1 ization pattern of maize marketing of maize farm gate price of maize b. Manual for maize productionbydennis owusu boateng technical officerbunso cocoa college cocobod 2.
Assessing the constraints affecting production and deployment. Effect of four different tillage practices on maize. As production and diversification of maize increases, industrial use of maize will also become important in the country. Maize milling report national agricultural marketing council. Maize production technology was significantly developed in the period that. Drought has been a major cause of agricultural disaster, yet how it affects the vulnerability of maize and wheat production in combination with several covarying factors i. Due to constant changes in laws that regulate pesticide use, the reader is. Full study maize final report the economics of ecosystems and. Maize production in the north west province mmidi tswana maize is the main staple food of the majority of south africans and is produced widely on a small scale as well as commercially. Maize also known as corn in some countries is one of the most common and important food crops across africa.
This represents a range of 21%53% of the annual averaged production of maize over a three year period in these countries. Path coefficient analysis is often used as a tool to better understand yield components, however research of path coefficient analysis of maize grain yield management studies is. A number of factors constrain maize production in ghana including declining soil fertility. We have produced in transgenic maize seed the glycoprotein, avidin, which is native to avian, reptilian, and amphibian egg white. Maize is a versatile crop, allowing it to grow across a range of agroecological zones in ghana except for the sudan savannah morris et al. The crop can be grown in various soils and weather conditions. Nafziger encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 1. A transformant showing highlevel expression of avidin was selected. A field have a total of 7 treatments, namely three intercropping of fenugreek, field pea and haricot bean with. Assessing the constraints affecting production and. Enso and implications on rainfall characteristics with reference to maize production in the free state province of south africa mokhele edmond moeletsi1, 2, sue walker2, willem adolf landman3,4 1agricultural research councilinstitute for soil, climate and.
To refer to or to cite this work, please use the citation to the. Opportunities and challenges in enhancing agriculture in zambia. These two areas are presented in two different sections in this chapter. Prepare your garden 1 2months before onset of rains.
Allocation of maize to the different maize consumption categorises 60 figure 32. Womens empowerment in agriculture and agricultural. Maize references crop genebank knowledge base cgiar. At maturity, the total energy used by one plant is. Maize is the third most important food crop in the world surpassed only by two other grains, wheat and rice kyenpia et al. With demand for maize expected to double by 2050, the. Maize stalks are also used as fuel wood and for construction purposes. Hybrid maize seed production involves deliberately crossing a female parent population with a male parent in isolated fields.
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